Spatial Distribution of Kalantas (Toona calantas Merr. & Rolfe) in the Molawin-Dampalit Watershed, Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Philippines

Abstract

Vegetation inventory using a combination of point center
method strip and quadrat method was conducted to determine
the spatial distribution and population of kalantas (Toona
calantas Merr. & Rolfe) in the Molawin–Dampalit Watershed of
Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR). From the 1,081
individuals recorded in the 13 sampling plots established in
three zones, 146 (13.3%) individuals are T. calantas, 51(35%)
of which are trees and saplings and the remaining 95 (65%)
individuals are seedlings. Majority of the seedlings are spread
out within 20 m from the mother tree and between 164 to 480
masl. Beyond 20 m, there were very few seedlings found
indicating close seed dispersal of T. calantas.

Distribution of T. calantas increases at higher elevation. The
highest number of seedlings (65) was recorded at an altitude of
480 masl while the highest number of trees and saplings (15)
was recorded at an altitude of 370 masl. Sampling plots at
higher elevation have less dense vegetation and therefore have
more space for light penetration which is favorable to the
growth of T. calantas. Additionally, higher elevations are less
accessible to people and are therefore less disturbed.

T. calantas showed a low population in terms of frequency,
abundance and dominance as compared with other species. As
a critically endangered species, this paper proposes to use these
parameters as bases for restoring the population of T. calantas
in Mt. Makiling. Since it is important to conserve reproductive
trees in order to ensure continuous increase and perpetuity of
the population, priorities will be given to those areas where
mother trees exist. Conservation efforts are recommended for
plots with mother trees and containing the highest number of
seedlings.